Study Guide
for Unit Exams in Chemistry B
Unit X:  An Introduction to Chemistry
The following provides information about the content of this exam. Of course, any topic covered in the unit may be represented on the exam. Please use this sheet as a guide as you study. As always, let me know if you have any questions! 
Approximate Exam Format: 
30 Multiple Choice/True False (2-3 points each) *Tip: Maximize your score by inputting an answer to every question.
2 Essay (5 points each) *Tip: Write more not less and to try for partial credit even if you don’t know the whole answer.
•Section A – Radioactivity 
1. Compare and contrast: (mass, charge, penetrating power, and the release of particles from the nucleus)
Alpha radiation:
beta radiation: 
gamma radiation:
 2. Describe nuclear decay :
Perform calculations based on a radioactive isotope’s half-life:
*Sample problem for amount of original material left after three half-lives:  ½ × ½ × ½ = 1/8 of the original amount will remain.
3. Analyze a decay series chart to determine the products of successive nuclear reactions. Be able to write nuclear equations for disintegration of specified nuclides.
•Section B – Nuclear Reactions: (Explain the processes of)
 nuclear fission:
 nuclear fusion:

•Section C – Conservation of Matter and Energy 
 Relate the conservation of matter and energy to E = mc 2 :
Mass defect:
Binding energy:
•Section D – Nuclear Energy
Ionizing radiation:
Nuclear medicine (medical uses of radioisotopes):
Carbon dating: 
Commercial uses of nuclear energy :
Measuring radioactivity:
Background radiation:
Challenges of using nuclear energy as an alternative energy source:
Nuclear Power:
Nuclear waste:

Formulas to Know:
E = mc2